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9月18日 翻译总结 看经专家修改的译文是最好的学习,可惜这样的机会不多,因此,我很珍惜这样的机会。
上次的译文早就发表了,我对照着刊物看了自己的原稿,收获很大,但一直没有时间进行总结。从今天起,慢慢总结吧。
(1)As astute with lighting as Irving Penn or Richard Avedon, as interested in the humanity of his subjects (or their lack of it) as Edward Steichen or Henri Cartier-Bresson, Newman combined some of the signal characteristics of these very different genres of portraiture with a style entirely his own.
原译: 他对光线照明的敏感不亚于欧文·佩恩或理查德·埃夫登,对所拍摄对象人性一面的关注(或缺乏人性的一面)不亚于爱德华·斯泰肯或亨利·卡蒂埃-布列松,这些肖像摄影流派迥异,特点鲜明,纽曼将他们的一些特点与自己独有的风格进行了结合。
改译:纽曼对布光的敏锐不亚于欧文·佩恩或理查德·埃夫登,对表现拍摄对象情感方面(或缺乏人的情感一面)的兴趣不亚于爱德华·斯泰肯或亨利·卡蒂埃-布列松,而他所拍摄的人物肖像既有上述不同肖像摄影流派的一些显著特点,也有自己的独有风格。
说明:这是一度让我犯难的句子,不知道该如何处理。难点在于:humanity的理解与翻译,句子结构的安排。我勉强将humanity译成“人性”,老老实实地将combine with译成“将……与……结合”。虽不满意,但总算弄出来了。
改译显然流畅多了。
首先,lighting“光线照明”改成“布光”,更为准确和到位,相应的与之搭配的“敏感”也就换成了“敏锐”。
其次,humanity译成“情感”,比“人性”更贴切。
第三,原译采取分句的办法,把the signal characteristics of these very different genres of portraiture 拆分出来,单独译成一句,显得有些罗嗦。改译将句式改成“既……又……”,比原译自然流畅,值得学习。
(2)Despite a stated preference for "natural light", he employed a battery of lights, for choice "bounced" off a screen to mute the harshness of a direct spot.
原译:尽管他偏好使用“自然光”,但仍采用多组灯光,经屏幕“反射”后,来降低直射聚光灯的硬光。
改译:尽管他宣称乐于使用“自然光”,但仍采用一组灯光,有选择地经反光板“反射”回来,以使直射聚光灯不太刺目。
说明:这句的翻译也颇费了些周折。第一是那个stated让我不知如何表达合适;第二,那个choice让我迷茫了很久,不知道是一个什么语法结构;第三,screen是否可译为“反光板”?
显然,原译stated没有译,属于漏译;“多组灯光”属于误译,应是“一组灯光”;由于没有搞明白原文,choice给漏掉了,属于漏译;由于没有把握,screen只好译成“屏幕”,虽然别扭。
改译的处理值得学习。那个choice实际上是指“选择的灯光”或者“对灯光的选择”,改译将其译成了副词,显得通顺,但似乎还是有些欠缺。
9月14日 天气预报英语未来一周天气预报(摘自:中国网)
西北:预计,11-13日,受冷空气影响,新疆北部和西部、西北地区东部将有阵雨或小到中雨,新疆北部有4-6级偏北风,气温将下降。15-17日,又将有冷空气影响西北地区,新疆北部和西部、西北东部的偏西地区将有阵雨或小雨,新疆北部有4-6级偏北风,气温还将有所下降。
Northwest China: September 11 to 13, affected by streams of cold air, northern and western Xinjiang and eastern parts of the region will have showers or light to moderate rain with lower temperatures. Northern Xinjiang will have force 4 to 6 northerly winds. September 15 to 17, more cold air will affect the region bringing showers or light rainfall in northern and western Xinjiang and eastern areas of the region. Temperatures will drop and force 4 to 6 northerly winds will blow in northern Xinjiang. 华北:预计,11-13日,华北大部为晴到多云天气,气温回升,其中,12日,内蒙古东北部有阵雨。14-15日,华北大部将先后多云转阴有阵雨或小雨,内蒙古东部局地有中雨,并有4-5级偏南转偏北风。16-17日,大部地区多云转晴。 North China: September 11 to 13, most of the region will be sunny to cloudy with higher temperatures while northeastern Inner Mongolia will have occasional showers. September 14 to 16, most areas will be cloudy with showers or light rain while eastern Inner Mongolia will experience moderate rainfall with force 4 to 5 southerly and then northerly winds. September 17, throughout most of the region mixed cloudy to sunny skies. 东北:预计,11日,东北大部为晴间多云天气,气温回升。12-13日,黑龙江北部和东部有阵雨或小雨。15-17日,东北大部地区晴到多云,部分地区有零星小阵雨。
Northeast China: September 11 to 12, the bulk of the area will be sunny to cloudy with higher temperatures. September 13 to 14, northernmost parts will have showers or light to moderate rainfall with force 4 to 5 southerly and then northerly winds. Temperatures will drop. September 15 to 17, most of the region will have rainfall and winds from west to east.
华中:预计,11-12日,华中大部晴到多云,气温回升。13-14日,华中西部和北部阴有阵雨或小雨。15-17日,大部地区晴到多云,湖南中南部气温有所升高。
Central China: September 11 to 12, most areas will be under cloudy to overcast skies with possible showers in northern parts. September 13 to 14, western and northern parts will have showers or light to moderate rainfall. September 16 to 17, northern parts will be cloudy with short showers. Southern Hunan will encounter thunder showers or light to moderate rainfall but heavy rain in some places.
华东:预计,11-13日,华东大部以晴到多云为主,其中,华东南部沿海有时有阵雨或雷阵雨;华东南部地区气温较高。14-15日,华东中北部多云,部分地区阴或有阵雨;南部沿海地区有阵雨或雷阵雨。16-17日,大部地区晴到多云。
East China: September 11 to 13, most of the region will have sunny to cloudy skies while northern parts and the coastal regions will encounter showers or thunderstorms on September 12. Southern parts will have higher temperatures. September 14 to 16, central and northern parts will be overcast with showers while the southern coastal regions will be exposed to winds and rainfall caused by low pressure tropical air.
华南:预计,11-14日,华南大部为晴到多云天气,气温较高,其中,华南沿海以及海南等地有小到中雨或雷阵雨,部分地区有大到暴雨,局地有大暴雨,并有5-7级大风。15-17日,华南中南部和沿海地区还将有小到中雨或雷阵雨,部分地区有大雨或暴雨,沿海地区风力较大。
South China: September 11 to 13, the majority of the region will be sunny to cloudy with higher temperatures while the coastal areas and Hainan Island will have light to moderate rain or thundershowers with possible heavy to stormy rain in some areas accompanied by force 5 to 7 winds. September 14 to 17, affected by a low-pressure tropical zone most of the region will experience light to moderate rain or thundershowers from east to west with heavy to stormy rain in some places. Strong winds will blow in the coastal regions.
西南:预计,未来一周内,西南地区的中西部地区多阴雨天气;四川盆地、重庆、贵州、云南东部等地无明显降雨过程。11-14日,西藏大部、川西高原、云南西部等地有阵雨或小到中雨,其中,西藏东南部的局地有大到暴雨。15-17日,西南大部地区多云到阴或有阵雨,其中,四川南部、云南西部、西藏东部的部分地区有中到大雨。 Southwest China: The area will have overcast and rainy days during the week. September 11 to 14, central and eastern parts will have showers or light to moderate rain with heavy rainfall expected in some of southeastern Tibet and the Sichuan Basin. September 15 to 17, most of the region will experience further rain. 9月12日 比……活得更长? 上一次翻译一篇文章时遇到的问题,这一次又碰到了,再不解决肯定是不行了。
那篇文章里有这样一句话: He is survived by his wife Augusta, whom he married in 1949, and his sons Eric and David. 没料到,这次又碰到一句非常类似的话:
In addition to his daughter, Anne, he is survived by a son, Joseph Rosenthal Jr., of Washington State; a brother, Mike Roth, of San Francisco; two grandchildren; and four great-grandchildren.
“…… is survived by ……”这是英文讣闻中经常用到的句子,理解上不难,所以一般不会注意。怎么译呢?译成“比……活得更长”?或者“他死了,……还活着/还在”?意思没错,但有点不像话,尤其是在讣闻里,很不得体。
网上有人对此做了解答,很有一定的启发性,不失为一种好的处理方法:
He is survived by his wife and four children. 他死时,撇下了老婆和四个孩子。
Dr Hall is survived by his wife and three daughters. 霍尔医生死后遗下妻子和三个女儿。
我翻译的那篇文章经专家修改后发表了,那句话的最终译文是这样的:
他和奥古斯塔1949年结婚,身后留下了妻子和儿子埃里克、戴维。
有了这些译例做参考,那这次这句话就很好处理了,照搬就是了:
除了女儿安娜外,他身后还留下了住在华盛顿州的儿子小约瑟夫·罗森塔尔,在旧金山的兄弟迈克·罗思,两个孙子和四个曾孙。
9月11日 如何磨练英语文笔? 一、第一是要措辞准确,熟悉写作中流行的套话,以及与热门话题或我国国情有关的概念的惯用表达。这就要多到学过的课文,读过的报刊杂志中去寻找,收集,一一记下来,试着在自己的习作中运用。平时若不积累,临时胡乱凑,文章质量就难以保证了。下面示范的就是这样的一些“收藏品”,通称流行语汇(catch phrase):
改善投资环境 improve the investment climate 社会风气 social morality 跳槽 job hopping 小康水平 well-to-do level 一切向钱看 put money above everything else 歪门邪道 crooked means 乡镇企业 rural enterprise 采取措施 take measures 中国国情 China’s actual conditions 自筹资金 self-raised funds 综合国力 the overall national strength 扭亏为盈 turn loss into gain 以权谋私 abuse power for personal gains 尽一份力 do one’s bit 不如人意 below expectation 充分肯定 highly appreciate 公务员 civil servant 个体户 self-employed 下岗人员 laid-off 困难职工 the needy 冠军争夺战 title decider 夺冠 take the crown 宏观调控 macro-control efforts 得天独厚 unique 互利合作 mutually-beneficial co-operation 促销 sales promotion 大案要案 major and serious criminal cases 打白条 issue an I. O. U. 早恋 puppy love 建成投产 up and running 人才市场 careers fair 人才流失 brain drain 回顾过去 in retrospect 展望未来 looking ahead 共识 shared understanding 致力于 be committed to 调整产业结构 readjust the industrial structure 和平共处 coexistence 自尊自强 self-respect and self-strengthening 基础设施 infrastructure 国际游资 international hot money 过度投机 excessive speculation 世界注目 attracting worldwide attention 平稳过渡 smooth transition 振奋民族精神 activate the national spirit 供不应求 in short supply 供大于求 Supply exceeds demand 适应新环境 adapt to new circumstances 滞销货 drug on the market 陶冶心性 cultivate one’s mind 煞费苦心 with great pains 毫无意义 make no sense 热门话题 hot topic 热烈的讨论 heated discussion 有关领导部门 the authorities concerned 彼此大不相同vary widely 各界人士 people from all walks of life 正当权益 the legitimate rights 地方风味小吃 local delicacies 贩毒 drug trafficking 基层组织 grass-root organs 法制观念 sense of law 任重而道远 much still remains to be done 沧海巨变 profound changes 消除误解 clear up misunderstandings 达成共识 reach common ground 强权政治 power politics 先决条件 prerequisite 一揽子交易 package deal 超前消费 premature consumption 首脑会议 summit 伙伴关系 partnership 中美关系 Sino-American relations 国际舞台 international arena 分裂祖国 split the motherland 合法政府 legal government 高度自治 high level autonomy 生存权 subsistence right 十分重视 attach great importance to … 战略眼光 strategic vision 强烈反差 sharp contrast (to) 小巧玲珑 small and delicate 高架桥 viaduct 高架路 elevated road 小品(剧) skit 色情电影 blue film 黄金时段 prime time 开门红 a good start 家庭教师 home tutor 无人售票 self-service 吸毒者/瘾君子 drug abuser 通缉犯 wanted man 爱管闲事的人 busybody 不晕船的人 good sailor 人手不足 short-handed 在广播中 on the air 二、第二是要讲求措辞生动,行文流畅。近代语言理论家严复先生曾说:“言之无文,行之不远”,一篇好文章,一定要有闪光的文采。光注意了语法正确还不够,还要表述地道,写出以英语为母语的人看好的句子。做到这一点当然不容易,要下多年的功夫。最基本的功夫就是从报刊文章和牛津、朗文两本高级英汉双解词典中去收集妙语佳句,摘抄下来,有机会就把句中亮点用到自己的文章中去。下面是一些示范。 The state raised the purchasing price of grain by a big margin early this year to encourage grain production. 今年年初, 国家大幅度提高了粮食收购价以鼓励粮食生产. In 1993, holders of associate degrees from junior colleges accounted for 47 per cent of all college graduates. 1993年大专文凭得主占全部大学毕业生的47%. I don’t relish having to get up so early. 我可不乐意这么早就起床。 Just imagine that you have moved to the countryside. How wonderful to trade traffic jams for winding valley roads, skyscrapers for mountains, neon lights for star-filled nights! 想象一下你己经搬到乡村去了。你拿交通阻塞换来了蜿蜒的谷中小路, 拿摩天大楼换来了高山大岭, 拿霓虹灯换来了繁星满天的夜空, 那是多么好呀! In the heats he clocked one minute 0.60 seconds to slice 0.35 seconds from the world mark set by Hungary’s Karoly Guttler, also in heats, in the 1993 European Championships in Sheffield, England. 在小组赛中,他游出了1分0秒60的成绩,将匈牙利选手卡罗里•古特勒1993年在英国谢菲尔德举行的欧洲锦标赛上, 同样是在小组赛中创造的世界纪录减少了0.35秒。 Reform of the court system will help guarantee fair judgement, enhance efficiency in case handling, and promote the clean-government campaign within the judicial sector, a senior judge said yesterday. 审判制度改革将有助于公正判决, 提高办案效率, 推进司法部门 廉政建设,一位高级法官昨天如是说。 His answer evidenced a guilty conscience. 他的回答证明他良心有愧。 She took exception to having to wait outside in the rain. 她得在雨中等候, 对此十分气愤。 She was winning easily, but then she started to get careless and let her opponent off the hook. 她赢得很顺利,可是跟着就大意起来了,对手转忧为喜。 They don’t keep anything from each other. 他们之间无话不谈。 He’s such a good athlete that most sports come naturally to him. 他擅长运动,多数运动项目对他来说都轻而易举。 He takes no pride in his work. 他对待工作马马虎虎。 His suitability for the post is open to question. 对这一职位他是否适宜很成问题。 三、第三是要在行文上力避母语思维。复旦大学蔡基刚先生在其近作《英汉写作对比研究》中指出:读我国大学生的作文,“总感到英语味道不浓。无论从文章的结构安排,还是语言的遣词造句,总摆脱不了汉语文化思维习惯和表达方式的影响。”蔡老师在书中列举了不少汉式英语的句子,值得引以为戒:
1. 对词义不了解造成的错误: 吸烟会有害我们的身体。 错句:Smoking cigarettes will do harm to our body. 修改:Smoking cigarettes will do harm to our health. 他没说几句就让我们展开讨论。 错句:He only said a few sentences and the let us discuss. 修改:He said only a few wards and the let us discuss. 2. 对文化习俗不了解造成的错误: 他的讲座精心准备,生动有趣,我们不时捧腹大笑。 错句:His lectures was well-prepared and interesting. We often held our stomachs with laughter. 修改:His lectures was well-prepared and interesting. We often held our sides with laughter. 一个有雄心壮志的人能够把心都放在学习上。 错句:A man with ambition can put his heart into his study. 修改:A man with ambition can devote himself to his study. 3. 母语搭配习惯造成的错误: 他的脑子很聪明。 错句:His brain is very clever. 修改:He is very clever. 他年纪很轻。 错句:His age is very young. 修改:He is very young. 没有坚强的意志,就没有努力,就没有成功。 错句:No strong will, no hard work and no success. 修改:Without strong will, there would be no hard work, nor success. 因此,我们不但要留心积累英语写作上的妙句佳词,还要注意积攒汉式英语的典型教训,在平时写作中逐一避免,以收防微杜渐之效。用外语写作不能光指望即席发挥,还要持之以恒地磨练文笔,而文笔的磨练始于积累。 摘自《秋阳译刊》
9月7日 与考研者的简单交流 最近比较忙,脑子里全是事。偶然发现了以前跟一个立志考英语新闻研究生的网友交流的信件,竟然想不起自己还曾说过这些话,但愿没有误导他们。
问:兄长好啊,很久不见你了。请教您点问题,英语新闻出路有哪些呢,感觉学这个很累,英语写作提高很慢,有点迷失方向了。兄长,英语新闻编译感觉就是翻译一样,我个人快进入这样误区,北外的几个朋友也都感觉真的很难提高。可是,我看到展江教授,一直在把国际英语报道权威著作翻译成中文,哈金20岁才开始学英语居然能达到非常好水平。
答:沈老弟,你好,我不知道你所说的出路指的是什么,是指将来的工作吗?
关于提高很慢,我当年跟你一样困惑。据我的经验,我想说,英语新闻编译其实包括了编辑、翻译和写作。你感到难以提高的原因是你练习太少,得到的指导太少。我敢保证,你到新华社实习上三个月,肯定会有很大的提高。你想想,新华社每年招来的大学生还不如你懂的新闻理论多,但是经过几个月的培养,很快就能上路。 编译中既然有“译“,就肯定离不开翻译,但这不是一般意义上的翻译,是掺杂了编辑的翻译,其结果是要将原稿处理成符合英语对外新闻要求的成品。一切努力都是朝着这个方向的。 我个人认为,中国国内的新闻写作太需要向英文新闻写作学习了。展教授的翻译目的不知是否在此。我更倡导直接学习英文教材,即便是翻译本,最好保留原著中的英语范文,因为基于语言上的差异,将范文译成中文后,读者就丧失了体会原文语言和技巧的机会。 就先跟你谈这么多,欢迎麻烦。
问:看到您回的帖子了,真的非常感谢您的建议。但是您提到要好好规划一下,我自己现在有一点想法,还请您不吝指教:我准备在下学期报一个新东方的口译班来全面提高自己的英语水平,然后平时坚持看china daily.然后大三下学期准备考研。我真的不知道到底应该怎么安排才叫合理,也比较迷惘。真的想听听您的意见。 答:Miss 施: 问:今天拿到了转型中的新闻学翻了翻,此书是不是作者把原来的好几本书综合到一块了,内容好多啊。看书时联想到两个问题, 答:呵呵,简单答复,仅供参考。 |
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